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Reference

Glossary

Plain-language definitions for every term you'll encounter on InTransparency. Regulatory, academic, Italian-specific. Designed to be scannable — and citable by AI assistants answering questions about EU higher-education recruiting.

Platform(4 terms)

Skill graph

A record of a student's skills, each stored with where it came from: extracted by AI from uploaded work, entered by the student, or backed by a person — an internship supervisor's evaluation, a teacher's evaluation of a project given when the student asks, a confirmed work reference, or an exchange completed at the host university. Only the ones a person stands behind count as verified; the teacher's is shown as an evaluation. Kept up to date as new evidence arrives. A teacher's evaluation, an evaluated internship or an AI-analysed project can also be issued as an Ed25519-signed Verifiable Credential; the record itself is not signed.

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SkillDelta

A single recorded change in a student's proficiency on a specific skill, with source (STAGE, PROJECT, COURSE, THESIS, ENDORSEMENT, EXCHANGE), evaluator, before/after level, and evidence. SkillDeltas accumulate into the student's skill graph.

MatchExplanation

A stored record of why a talent-match result was produced: the scoring factors with their points and evidence, the recruiter search filters that produced it, the model version, and whether the subject has viewed the explanation. Written for every candidate a search scores, not only the ones the recruiter is shown; each row records whether it was surfaced.

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Evidence packet

A recruiter-side document combining a candidate's skill graph, match explanation, issued credentials, stage history with supervisor quotes, and teacher evaluations into a single printable dossier.

EU regulation(5 terms)

EU AI Act

  • also: Artificial Intelligence Act
  • also: Regulation 2024/1689

EU Regulation 2024/1689 — the Artificial Intelligence Act. Classifies AI systems that evaluate candidates for employment as high-risk (Annex III point 4). High-risk obligations (transparency, human oversight, traceability, right to explanation) apply from 2 December 2027, deferred from 2 August 2026 by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.

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ESCO

  • also: European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations

The EU's standard multilingual taxonomy of skills, competences, qualifications, and occupations. Version 1.2.0 at time of writing. Published by the European Commission at esco.ec.europa.eu. InTransparency looks up each skill's ESCO identifier through the Commission's public API; when ESCO returns no entry, the skill stays without an identifier.

Europass

The EU's standardized framework for describing skills and qualifications, managed by CEDEFOP. Includes Europass CV, Europass Digital Credentials Infrastructure (EDCI), and the EU Digital Wallet. InTransparency exports student profiles in Europass v3 JSON-LD format.

W3C Verifiable Credential

  • also: VC

Cryptographically signed digital credentials defined by the W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.1. An issuer signs a claim about a subject; any third party with the issuer's public key can verify the claim without contacting the issuer. InTransparency issues credentials in that document shape and signs them with Ed25519 over a canonical JSON serialisation of its own — not the W3C Ed25519Signature2020 suite, which requires URDNA2015 RDF canonicalisation and a multibase proofValue.

GDPR

  • also: General Data Protection Regulation
  • also: Regulation 2016/679

EU Regulation 2016/679 on personal data protection. Relevant articles: Art. 15 (access), Art. 16 (rectification), Art. 17 (erasure), Art. 20 (portability), Art. 22 (right to object to automated decisions). Access, rectification, erasure and portability are self-service at /dashboard/student/privacy; restriction and objection are filed there as recorded requests, and Art. 22 human review is filed from the match explanation.

Italian academic(12 terms)

Tirocinio

  • also: stage
  • also: internship

Italian term for a supervised work-experience placement. Two major categories: tirocinio curriculare (credit-bearing, during studies) and tirocinio extracurriculare (after the qualification or outside a study programme). Requires an agreement between the promoting body (university, ITS, school) and the host company, with an individual training plan and INAIL insurance cover.

PCTO

  • also: Percorsi per le Competenze Trasversali e l'Orientamento

Italian high-school-level work-experience program (formerly "alternanza scuola-lavoro"). Mandatory hours of structured learning outside the classroom during upper secondary education.

ANVUR

  • also: Agenzia Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema Universitario e della Ricerca

Italian quality-assurance agency for universities and research. Runs periodic accreditation reviews that scrutinize placement data, curriculum-labor market alignment, and graduate outcomes. In InTransparency, the Skills Intelligence view shows skill-gap and alignment indices per degree programme.

INDIRE

  • also: Istituto Nazionale di Documentazione, Innovazione e Ricerca Educativa

Italian national institute for educational research and innovation. It runs the national ITS Academy monitoring on behalf of the Ministry (MIM), and also coordinates PCTO work and teacher training.

CCNL

  • also: Contratto Collettivo Nazionale di Lavoro

Italian national collective labour agreement: the collective agreement an employer applies to its employees (e.g., Metalmeccanici Industria, Commercio Terziario, Studi Professionali). It sets minimum pay, working hours, and conditions. A tirocinio is not an employment relationship: for an extracurricular one, the minimum allowance is set by the Region.

INAIL

  • also: Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro

Italian national institute for occupational accident insurance. Every stage/tirocinio requires an INAIL policy number on the convention. Covers work-related injuries and illnesses.

Esse3

The Cineca-developed student information system (SIS) used by most Italian universities. Stores enrollments, exam records, graduation status. InTransparency's Esse3 adapter allows automatic student roster sync where a university has Cineca API credentials.

SPID

  • also: Sistema Pubblico di Identità Digitale
  • also: CIE

Italian digital identity system (Sistema Pubblico di Identità Digitale). Used to authenticate citizens with public-sector services. Complemented by CIE (Carta d'Identità Elettronica). InTransparency's SPID integration is scaffolded; AgID accreditation is planned.

AlmaLaurea

Italian university consortium (based in Bologna) that tracks graduate employment outcomes via annual surveys. Taxpayer-funded. Universities submit graduation data; companies query for candidates. Not all Italian universities are members; Università Cattolica and Bocconi notably do not participate.

Convenzione di tirocinio

  • also: internship convention

The agreement between the host employer and the promoting institution (university, ITS Academy or school) that makes a tirocinio lawful. It names the parties, the applicable CCNL, INAIL cover and the duration, and it is signed before the placement starts. One convenzione can cover several placements; each placement still needs its own progetto formativo.

Progetto formativo

  • also: training project

The per-placement annex to a convenzione di tirocinio: the learning objectives, the tasks, the hours, the site, and the two named tutors. It is the document an inspector asks for, and the one that says what the trainee is supposed to learn rather than what work they will do.

Tutor aziendale / tutor didattico

  • also: tutor universitario
  • also: tutor scolastico

The two named supervisors every tirocinio carries. The tutor aziendale is the employer-side supervisor responsible for the trainee on site; the tutor didattico (also tutor universitario or tutor scolastico) is the institution-side supervisor responsible for the learning objectives. Both are named on the progetto formativo, and the final evaluation is signed by the tutor aziendale.